The ultimate goal is moksha, liberation from the cycle of birth and death, attained through the direct realization that Atman, the innermost self, is identical with Brahman, the ultimate reality. This realization is not a mere philosophical idea but an immediate, experiential knowledge that dissolves the sense of being a limited, separate individual. When this knowledge dawns, the fundamental ignorance (avidya) that sustains the illusion of separateness is destroyed. What had appeared as a world of duality—self and other, subject and object, knower and known—is understood as a misperception rooted in that ignorance.

In this liberated state, the mistaken identification with the body–mind complex falls away, and with it the bondage of karma and the compulsion to return again and again in samsara. Existence is then recognized as sat–cit–ananda: pure being, pure consciousness, and pure bliss, ever free and untouched by change. The great declarations of the tradition, such as “Aham Brahmasmi” and “Tat tvam asi,” are no longer abstract teachings but living truths, directly evident in one’s own awareness. This is described as a natural, effortless abidance in one’s true nature, where the sense of a separate, individual self has permanently dissolved into non-dual awareness.