Vietnamese Thiền, also known as Vietnamese Zen Buddhism, is a form of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in Vietnam and is heavily influenced by Chinese Chan Buddhism. It is characterized by its emphasis on meditation and the integration of Buddhist teachings into daily life. The main principles of Vietnamese Thiền can be summarized as follows:

1. Mindfulness and Awareness At the core of Vietnamese Thiền is the practice of mindfulness and awareness. This involves being fully present in the moment and being aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and surroundings without judgment. Through the practice of mindfulness, one can cultivate a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around them.

2. Non-attachment Another important principle of Vietnamese Thiền is the concept of non-attachment. This refers to the idea of letting go of desires and attachments, which are seen as the root of suffering. By releasing attachments, one can achieve a state of inner peace and contentment.

3. Emptiness The concept of emptiness, or śūnyatā, is also a fundamental principle of Vietnamese Thiền. It refers to the idea that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence and that everything is interconnected. This understanding can help one let go of the illusion of a separate self and see the world with greater clarity.

4. Compassion and Kindness Compassion and kindness are key values in Vietnamese Thiền. Practitioners are encouraged to cultivate a deep sense of empathy and compassion towards all beings. This includes not only humans but also animals and the environment.

5. The Middle Way Vietnamese Thiền also emphasizes the Middle Way, which is the path between extremes. This means finding a balance between indulgence and asceticism, and avoiding extremes in thoughts and actions. The Middle Way is seen as the path to liberation and enlightenment.

6. The Three Dharma Seals The Three Dharma Seals, or the three characteristics of existence, are also important principles in Vietnamese Thiền. These are impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Understanding and accepting these principles can lead to a deeper understanding of the true nature of reality.

7. The Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths, which are central to all forms of Buddhism, are also an essential part of Vietnamese Thiền. These truths are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the cessation of suffering, and the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering. By understanding and following these truths, one can achieve liberation from suffering.

In conclusion, the main principles of Vietnamese Thiền focus on mindfulness, non-attachment, emptiness, compassion, the Middle Way, the Three Dharma Seals, and the Four Noble Truths. These principles guide practitioners on the path to inner peace, enlightenment, and liberation from suffering. By incorporating these principles into daily life, one can cultivate a deeper understanding of oneself and the world, leading to a more fulfilling and meaningful existence.