Vietnamese Thiền, also known as Vietnamese Zen Buddhism, is a form of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes the practice of meditation as a means to achieve enlightenment. In Thiền, meditation is not just a technique, but a way of life that is incorporated into every aspect of daily living.

One of the key aspects of Thiền meditation is the practice of mindfulness. This involves being fully present in the moment, aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and surroundings without judgment or attachment. This practice is often referred to as "living in the present moment" and is a fundamental principle in Thiền.

In Vietnamese Thiền, meditation is primarily practiced in a seated position, with the legs crossed and the hands resting on the lap. The practitioner focuses on their breath, using it as an anchor to bring their attention back to the present moment whenever their mind wanders. This type of meditation is known as "anh huong" or "calm abiding."

Another important aspect of Thiền meditation is the use of koans, which are paradoxical statements or questions that are meant to challenge the mind and lead to a deeper understanding of reality. In Thiền, koans are used as a tool to help practitioners break through their conceptual thinking and reach a state of pure awareness.

In addition to formal seated meditation, Thiền also emphasizes the practice of mindfulness in daily activities such as walking, eating, and even working. This means being fully present and aware of every action, no matter how mundane it may seem. By incorporating mindfulness into daily activities, practitioners are able to cultivate a sense of inner peace and tranquility in their everyday lives.

Another important aspect of Thiền meditation is the role of the teacher or master. In Vietnamese culture, the teacher-student relationship is highly valued, and the master plays a crucial role in guiding and supporting the practitioner on their spiritual journey. The master provides instruction, guidance, and support in the practice of meditation, as well as offering insights and guidance on the path to enlightenment.

In summary, meditation is an integral part of Vietnamese Thiền, and it is incorporated into every aspect of daily life. Through the practice of mindfulness, koans, and the guidance of a master, practitioners are able to cultivate a deep sense of inner peace and understanding, leading them towards the ultimate goal of enlightenment.