Vietnamese Thiền, also known as Vietnamese Zen Buddhism, has a rich history that spans over a thousand years. It has evolved and adapted over time, influenced by various cultural, political, and religious factors.

The origins of Thiền can be traced back to India, where it originated as a form of Mahayana Buddhism. It was brought to China in the 6th century by Bodhidharma, an Indian monk, and then spread to Vietnam in the 7th century. In Vietnam, Thiền was initially practiced by the ruling elite and was heavily influenced by Confucianism and Taoism.

However, in the 13th century, Thiền underwent a significant transformation under the guidance of the Vietnamese monk, Thích Thiên-Ân. He emphasized the practice of seated meditation and the use of koans, which are paradoxical riddles used to provoke enlightenment. This marked the beginning of a distinct Vietnamese Thiền tradition.

During the 15th and 16th centuries, Thiền was further shaped by the teachings of the Vietnamese masters, Vạn Hạnh and Nguyễn Minh Không. They emphasized the importance of mindfulness and the integration of Buddhist teachings into daily life. This led to the development of a more practical and accessible form of Thiền, making it more relevant to the common people.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Thiền faced challenges due to political instability and foreign invasions. However, it continued to thrive under the guidance of influential masters such as Trần Thái Tông and Trần Nhân Tông. They promoted a more socially engaged form of Thiền, advocating for social justice and compassion towards all beings.

In the 20th century, Thiền underwent a revival and modernization under the leadership of Thích Nhất Hạnh, a renowned Vietnamese monk and peace activist. He introduced a more secular and humanistic approach to Thiền, making it accessible to people of all backgrounds and beliefs.

Today, Vietnamese Thiền continues to evolve and adapt to the modern world. It has spread beyond Vietnam, with many Thiền centers and communities established in different parts of the world. It has also incorporated elements from other traditions, such as mindfulness practices from Theravada Buddhism and the use of technology for teaching and communication.

In conclusion, Vietnamese Thiền has evolved over time, incorporating various influences and adapting to the changing cultural and social landscape. However, it remains rooted in the core teachings of Buddhism, emphasizing the practice of mindfulness, compassion, and the pursuit of enlightenment.