Vietnamese Thiền, also known as Vietnamese Zen Buddhism, views suffering as an inevitable part of life. However, it also teaches that suffering can be overcome through the practice of mindfulness and understanding its causes.

According to Vietnamese Thiền, suffering is caused by our attachment to desires and our inability to accept the impermanence of life. This attachment leads to cravings and aversions, which in turn create suffering. The root cause of suffering is seen as ignorance, or the lack of understanding of the true nature of reality.

In order to overcome suffering, Vietnamese Thiền emphasizes the practice of mindfulness. This involves being fully present in the moment and observing one's thoughts and emotions without judgment. Through this practice, one can become aware of their attachments and desires, and gradually let go of them.

Another important aspect of Vietnamese Thiền is the concept of impermanence. It teaches that everything in life is constantly changing and nothing is permanent. This understanding helps individuals to let go of their attachments and accept the natural flow of life.

In addition, Vietnamese Thiền also emphasizes the importance of compassion and interconnectedness. It teaches that all beings are interconnected and that by cultivating compassion, one can alleviate the suffering of others and oneself. This is achieved through the practice of loving-kindness meditation, where one wishes for the well-being and happiness of all beings.

Furthermore, Vietnamese Thiền also teaches the concept of emptiness, which is the understanding that all phenomena are empty of a permanent, independent self. This helps individuals to let go of their ego and see things as they truly are, without any distortions or attachments.

Overall, Vietnamese Thiền views suffering as a natural part of life, but also provides a path to overcome it through the practice of mindfulness, impermanence, compassion, and emptiness. By understanding the causes of suffering and cultivating these practices, individuals can attain inner peace and liberation from suffering.