Theravāda Buddhism, also known as the School of the Elders, is the oldest surviving Buddhist school and is primarily practiced in Southeast Asia. This school emphasizes monastic discipline and the original teachings of the Buddha, known as the Pali Canon. The main practices and rituals in Theravāda Buddhism are centered around the Three Jewels - the Buddha, the Dhamma (teachings), and the Sangha (community).

One of the main practices in Theravāda Buddhism is meditation, which is believed to be the key to achieving enlightenment. There are several types of meditation practiced, including mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, and insight meditation. Through meditation, practitioners aim to develop concentration, mindfulness, and wisdom.

Another important practice in Theravāda Buddhism is the observation of the Five Precepts. These are moral guidelines that laypeople and monks are expected to follow, which include refraining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and consuming intoxicants. By following these precepts, practitioners aim to cultivate a peaceful and ethical way of life.

Monasticism is also a significant aspect of Theravāda Buddhism. Monks and nuns are highly revered in this tradition, and their role is to preserve and pass on the teachings of the Buddha. Monks follow a strict code of conduct, known as the Vinaya, which includes rules for monastic life, such as celibacy, simplicity, and renunciation of worldly possessions.

Rituals play an important role in Theravāda Buddhism, and they are often performed as a way to show reverence to the Buddha and to cultivate positive qualities. One of the most common rituals is the offering of food and other necessities to the monks, known as alms-giving. This practice not only supports the monks but also allows laypeople to accumulate merit and cultivate generosity.

Another significant ritual in Theravāda Buddhism is the chanting of Pali verses, which are believed to have a purifying effect on the mind. Chanting is often done in group settings, such as during daily morning and evening services in monasteries or at special ceremonies and festivals.

Pilgrimage is also an important practice in Theravāda Buddhism, with many holy sites associated with the life of the Buddha and other important figures in the tradition. These include Bodh Gaya, where the Buddha attained enlightenment, and Kusinara, where he passed away.

In conclusion, the main practices and rituals in Theravāda Buddhism revolve around meditation, moral conduct, monasticism, and reverence for the Buddha and his teachings. These practices aim to cultivate a peaceful and ethical way of life and ultimately lead to the attainment of enlightenment.