Theravāda and Mahayana are two major branches of Buddhism that have evolved over the centuries. While both share the same core teachings of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, they have distinct differences in their beliefs, practices, and interpretations of Buddhist teachings.

One of the main differences between Theravāda and Mahayana is their approach to the concept of enlightenment. In Theravāda, enlightenment is seen as an individual pursuit, achieved through personal effort and meditation. The ultimate goal is to become an arhat, or a fully enlightened being, and be liberated from the cycle of rebirth.

On the other hand, Mahayana Buddhism places more emphasis on the concept of bodhisattva, or a being who postpones their own enlightenment to help others achieve it. In Mahayana, enlightenment is seen as a collective goal, and the focus is on compassion and helping others on their spiritual journey.

Another significant difference between the two schools is their view on the role of the Buddha. In Theravāda, the Buddha is seen as a historical figure and a teacher who has attained enlightenment. He is not considered a deity, and his teachings are seen as the only path to enlightenment.

In contrast, Mahayana Buddhism sees the Buddha as a divine being who can be worshipped and prayed to for guidance and assistance. Mahayana also includes other enlightened beings, such as bodhisattvas and celestial beings, in their religious practices.

The practices and rituals in Theravāda and Mahayana also differ. Theravāda places a strong emphasis on monastic discipline and meditation, and monks and nuns are seen as the ideal practitioners. Laypeople are encouraged to support the monastic community and practice generosity, ethical conduct, and meditation.

In Mahayana, there is a wider range of practices, including chanting, devotional practices, and rituals. Laypeople are also encouraged to practice and can achieve enlightenment in this lifetime.

One of the most notable differences between Theravāda and Mahayana is their view on the Buddhist scriptures. Theravāda adheres to the Pali Canon, believed to be the earliest and most accurate record of the Buddha's teachings. Mahayana, on the other hand, includes additional scriptures, known as Mahayana sutras, which were written later and contain teachings and practices not found in the Pali Canon.

In conclusion, while both Theravāda and Mahayana share the same core teachings of Buddhism, they have distinct differences in their beliefs, practices, and interpretations. Theravāda emphasizes individual pursuit of enlightenment, while Mahayana focuses on collective enlightenment and compassion. The role of the Buddha, practices, and scriptures also differ between the two schools. Ultimately, both Theravāda and Mahayana offer different paths to achieve the ultimate goal of liberation from suffering and rebirth.