Shingon, also known as Esoteric Japanese Buddhism, is a form of Vajrayana Buddhism that originated in Japan in the 9th century. It is based on the teachings of the Indian monk Kukai, also known as Kobo Daishi, who brought the teachings of Esoteric Buddhism from China to Japan. Shingon focuses on the use of mantras, mudras, and visualization techniques to achieve enlightenment.

One of the main practices in Shingon is the recitation of mantras. Mantras are sacred syllables or phrases that are believed to have spiritual power and are chanted or repeated to aid in meditation and spiritual development. In Shingon, the most important mantra is the "Dainichi Nyorai" mantra, which is believed to represent the ultimate reality of the universe. This mantra is often recited for purification and to invoke the blessings of the Buddha.

Another important practice in Shingon is the use of mudras, which are hand gestures that are believed to have symbolic and spiritual significance. Mudras are used in conjunction with mantras and visualization techniques to help focus the mind and connect with the divine. In Shingon, the most commonly used mudras are the "lotus" mudra, which represents purity and enlightenment, and the "diamond" mudra, which represents the indestructible nature of the Buddha's teachings.

Visualization is also a key practice in Shingon. Practitioners are encouraged to visualize themselves as deities or Buddhas in order to develop a deeper understanding of their true nature. This practice is known as "deity yoga" and is believed to help practitioners connect with the divine and ultimately achieve enlightenment. In Shingon, the most commonly visualized deity is the "Dainichi Nyorai," who represents the ultimate reality of the universe.

In addition to these practices, Shingon also incorporates other techniques such as mandala meditation, where practitioners focus on intricate geometric designs that represent the universe, and ritual practices such as fire offerings and purification ceremonies. These practices are all aimed at helping practitioners achieve a state of inner peace, wisdom, and enlightenment.

In conclusion, the main practices and techniques used in Shingon are the recitation of mantras, the use of mudras, visualization, and other ritual practices. These practices are designed to help practitioners connect with the divine and ultimately achieve enlightenment. Shingon is a unique and fascinating form of Buddhism that continues to be practiced in Japan and around the world.