The Brahmo Samaj was a reform movement that emerged in the 19th century in India, with the aim of reviving and reforming Hinduism. It was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Debendranath Tagore, who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and sought to reform Hinduism by emphasizing monotheism and rejecting idol worship and other superstitious practices.

One of the main differences between the Brahmo Samaj and other Hindu movements at the time was its emphasis on monotheism. While most Hindu sects and traditions were polytheistic, the Brahmo Samaj believed in the existence of one supreme God, who they referred to as "Brahman". This monotheistic belief was heavily influenced by the ideas of the Abrahamic religions, such as Christianity and Islam, which were gaining popularity in India at the time.

Furthermore, the Brahmo Samaj rejected the caste system and other discriminatory practices that were prevalent in Hindu society. They believed in the equality of all individuals and advocated for social reforms, such as the education of women and the abolition of child marriage. This was in stark contrast to other Hindu movements, which often upheld and perpetuated these discriminatory practices.

The Brahmo Samaj also differed from other Hindu movements in its rejection of idol worship. They believed that the worship of idols was a superstitious and irrational practice, and instead emphasized the worship of God through reason and contemplation. This was a departure from the traditional Hindu belief in the worship of multiple deities through rituals and ceremonies.

In addition, the Brahmo Samaj placed a strong emphasis on social and religious reform. They believed that Hinduism had become corrupted by superstitions and outdated practices, and sought to reform it by promoting rationality, morality, and social equality. This was in contrast to other Hindu movements, which often focused on preserving and promoting traditional beliefs and practices.

Another key difference between the Brahmo Samaj and other Hindu movements was its rejection of the authority of the Vedas and other Hindu scriptures. The Brahmo Samaj believed in the importance of reason and personal experience in understanding the divine, rather than blindly following ancient texts. They also believed in the freedom of thought and rejected dogmatic beliefs and practices.

In conclusion, the Brahmo Samaj differed from other Hindu movements at the time in its emphasis on monotheism, rejection of caste and idol worship, focus on social and religious reform, and rejection of traditional Hindu scriptures. Its ideas and principles had a significant impact on the Indian society, and continue to influence modern Hinduism.