The Brahmo Samaj, also known as the Brahmo Sabha, was a reform movement founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Debendranath Tagore in India. The main goal of this movement was to reform Hinduism and promote monotheism, the belief in one God, in a society that was deeply rooted in polytheistic beliefs and practices.

The Brahmo Samaj viewed traditional Hindu practices and beliefs with a critical eye. They believed that many of these practices had become corrupted over time and had strayed from the original teachings of the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism. The Brahmo Samaj rejected idol worship, caste system, and the authority of the Brahmin priests, which were considered fundamental aspects of traditional Hinduism.

One of the main criticisms of the Brahmo Samaj towards traditional Hindu practices was the prevalence of superstitions and blind faith. They believed that these practices hindered the spiritual growth of individuals and society as a whole. The Brahmo Samaj emphasized the importance of reason and rationality in understanding the true nature of God and the universe.

Another aspect of traditional Hinduism that the Brahmo Samaj challenged was the caste system. They believed in the equality of all human beings and rejected the idea of a hierarchical society based on birth. The Brahmo Samaj also advocated for the education of women and the abolition of child marriage, which were prevalent practices in traditional Hinduism.

The Brahmo Samaj also had a critical view of certain rituals and ceremonies that were seen as unnecessary and a burden on the common people. They promoted a simpler form of worship, devoid of elaborate rituals and ceremonies, which they believed had no spiritual significance.

However, it is important to note that the Brahmo Samaj did not reject all aspects of Hinduism. They still considered the Vedas as a sacred text and believed in the concept of karma and reincarnation. They also incorporated elements of Hinduism, such as bhakti (devotion) and meditation, into their practices.

In conclusion, the Brahmo Samaj viewed traditional Hindu practices and beliefs with a critical eye, aiming to reform and modernize Hinduism. They believed in the importance of reason and rationality, equality, and simplicity in spiritual practices. The Brahmo Samaj played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape of India and continues to inspire reform movements to this day.