Navayana Buddhism, also known as Neo-Buddhism, is a reinterpretation of traditional Buddhism by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a social reformer and leader of the Dalit community in India. This form of Buddhism emphasizes the principles of equality and social justice, which were not given enough importance in traditional Buddhism.

One of the main differences between Navayana Buddhism and traditional Buddhism is the concept of caste. In traditional Buddhism, the caste system was accepted and even supported by some Buddhist texts. However, Ambedkar rejected this idea and believed that the caste system was a social evil that needed to be eradicated. In Navayana Buddhism, caste is considered irrelevant and all individuals are seen as equal regardless of their social status.

Another key difference is the emphasis on social and political activism. Traditional Buddhism focused on individual liberation and enlightenment, while Navayana Buddhism emphasizes the need for social and political change to achieve true equality. Ambedkar believed that Buddhism could be a tool for social reform and encouraged his followers to actively work towards creating a more just and equal society.

In terms of rituals and practices, Navayana Buddhism differs from traditional Buddhism as well. Ambedkar rejected many traditional Buddhist rituals and practices, such as idol worship and the concept of karma, which he saw as perpetuating inequality and superstition. Instead, he introduced new practices that were more inclusive and relevant to the struggles of the Dalit community, such as social service and education.

The concept of the Buddha in Navayana Buddhism also differs from traditional Buddhism. In traditional Buddhism, the Buddha is seen as a divine figure who achieved enlightenment. However, Ambedkar saw the Buddha as a social reformer and revolutionary who challenged the oppressive caste system and fought for the rights of the marginalized.

Lastly, Navayana Buddhism places a strong emphasis on the teachings of the Buddha, particularly the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Ambedkar believed that these teachings could be applied to address social issues and bring about positive change in society.

In conclusion, Navayana Buddhism differs from traditional Buddhism in its rejection of the caste system, emphasis on social and political activism, rejection of certain rituals and practices, and its interpretation of the Buddha as a social reformer. It is a modern and dynamic form of Buddhism that seeks to promote equality and social justice, making it relevant and appealing to marginalized communities in India and beyond.