Legalism (Fa Jia) is a Chinese philosophical school that emerged during the Warring States period (475-221 BCE). It is characterized by its emphasis on law and order, with a belief that strict laws and harsh punishments are necessary to maintain social order and stability. This sets it apart from other Chinese philosophical schools, such as Taoism and Mohism, which have different perspectives on how society should be governed.

One of the main differences between Legalism and Taoism is their views on human nature. Legalists believed that human nature is inherently selfish and that people are driven by their own self-interest. Therefore, they argued that strict laws and punishments were necessary to control people's behavior and prevent chaos. In contrast, Taoists believed in the natural goodness of human nature and advocated for a more relaxed and non-interventionist approach to governing.

Another key difference between Legalism and Taoism is their views on the role of the government. Legalists believed in a strong, centralized government with a powerful ruler who had absolute control over the state. They argued that the ruler should be the ultimate authority and that laws should be strictly enforced to maintain order and stability. On the other hand, Taoists believed in a more decentralized government and emphasized the importance of the ruler being in harmony with the natural order of the universe. They believed that excessive laws and regulations would only lead to conflict and disorder.

In contrast to Legalism, Mohism focused on promoting universal love and equality among all people. Mohists believed in the concept of "universal love," which meant treating others with kindness and fairness regardless of their social status. This was in direct opposition to Legalism's emphasis on strict laws and punishments. Additionally, Mohists believed in the idea of "inclusive love," which meant extending this love and care to all people, including those outside of one's own state or community. This contrasts with Legalism's focus on maintaining the stability and prosperity of one's own state.

Furthermore, Legalism and Mohism had different views on the role of the individual in society. Legalists believed that individuals should prioritize the needs of the state over their own personal desires and interests. They argued that individualism would lead to chaos and disorder. In contrast, Mohists believed in the importance of individual rights and autonomy, promoting the idea that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests and happiness.

In conclusion, Legalism stands out from other Chinese philosophical schools, such as Taoism and Mohism, due to its emphasis on strict laws and order, a strong centralized government, and a belief in the inherently selfish nature of humans. These differences highlight the diverse perspectives on governing and society that existed in ancient China.