Non-Dual Shaivism, also known as Kashmir Shaivism, is a philosophical school within the broader tradition of Shaivism. It is centered around the concept of consciousness as the ultimate reality, and its teachings emphasize the non-dual nature of existence.

One of the key differences between Non-Dual Shaivism and other schools of Shaivism is its focus on the concept of Shiva as pure consciousness, rather than a deity with specific attributes and characteristics. In Non-Dual Shaivism, Shiva is seen as the ultimate reality, the source of all existence, and the pure consciousness that permeates everything.

Another important aspect that sets Non-Dual Shaivism apart from other schools of Shaivism is its emphasis on the individual's direct experience of reality. Non-Dual Shaivism teaches that the ultimate truth can only be understood through direct experience, rather than through scriptures or intellectual understanding. This emphasis on experiential knowledge is known as pratyabhijna, which means "recognition" or "revelation."

Non-Dual Shaivism also differs from other schools of Shaivism in its understanding of the relationship between the individual self and the ultimate reality. While other schools may view the individual self as separate from the divine, Non-Dual Shaivism teaches that the individual self is not separate from Shiva, but rather a manifestation of Shiva's consciousness. This concept is known as "Shiva-Shakti" or "Shiva-Sakti," where Shiva represents pure consciousness and Shakti represents the creative power of that consciousness.

Additionally, Non-Dual Shaivism places a strong emphasis on the power of self-awareness and self-realization. The goal of Non-Dual Shaivism is for individuals to recognize their own true nature as pure consciousness and to experience unity with the ultimate reality. This is achieved through practices such as meditation, self-inquiry, and devotion to Shiva.

In contrast to other schools of Shaivism, Non-Dual Shaivism also incorporates elements of Buddhism, particularly the concept of emptiness or shunyata. This concept teaches that all phenomena are ultimately empty of inherent existence and are simply manifestations of the ultimate reality, Shiva.

In conclusion, Non-Dual Shaivism differs from other schools of Shaivism in its emphasis on consciousness as the ultimate reality, the importance of direct experience, and the concept of the individual self as a manifestation of Shiva's consciousness. Through its teachings and practices, Non-Dual Shaivism offers a unique perspective on the nature of existence and the path to self-realization.