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What are the main scriptures or texts followed in Jainism?
Jainism, one of the oldest religions in the world, is based on the principles of non-violence, compassion, and self-discipline. It emphasizes the importance of leading a virtuous and ethical life in order to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death. This religion has a rich literary tradition, with its teachings and beliefs passed down through various scriptures and texts.
The main scriptures followed in Jainism are known as the Agamas. These are a collection of texts believed to have been revealed to the 24 Tirthankaras, or spiritual leaders, who are considered to be the ultimate teachers in Jainism. The most significant of these texts are the 12 Angas, which are considered to be the primary scriptures of Jainism.
The first Anga is known as the Acharanga Sutra, which focuses on the principles of right conduct and self-discipline. It lays down the rules and guidelines for leading a virtuous life, emphasizing the importance of non-violence, truthfulness, and non-attachment. The second Anga, the Sutrakritanga, deals with the teachings of the Tirthankaras and their disciples. It contains stories and parables that illustrate the path to liberation.
The third Anga, the Sthananga Sutra, focuses on the rules and regulations for monks and nuns, who are considered to be the most dedicated followers of Jainism. It also discusses the concept of karma and its role in shaping one’s life. The fourth Anga, the Samavayanga Sutra, deals with the laws of nature and the interdependence of all living beings. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all things and the need for compassion towards all living beings.
The fifth Anga, the Vyakhya Pragyapti, is a commentary on the teachings of the previous four Angas. It provides a deeper understanding of the principles of Jainism and their application in daily life. The sixth Anga, the Jnatadharmakatha, contains stories and parables that illustrate the teachings of the Tirthankaras. It also includes hymns and prayers that are recited during Jain rituals.
The seventh Anga, the Upasakadasha, is a collection of prayers and mantras that are recited by lay followers of Jainism. The eighth Anga, the Antakrddasanga, deals with the rituals and practices related to death and the afterlife. The ninth Anga, the Anuttarupapattikatha, explains the process of attaining liberation and the characteristics of a liberated soul.
The tenth Anga, the Prashnavyakarana, contains questions and answers related to Jain philosophy and ethics. The eleventh Anga, the Vipakasruta, discusses the concept of karma and its effects on one’s life. The twelfth and final Anga, the Drishtivada, contains the teachings of the Tirthankaras on