According to Nisargadatta Maharaj, suffering is a result of our identification with the ego and our attachment to desires and fears. He believed that the root cause of suffering is the false belief that we are separate individuals, disconnected from the universe and each other. This belief creates a constant state of seeking and striving for fulfillment, which ultimately leads to disappointment and suffering.

Maharaj explains that the key to overcoming suffering is to realize our true nature as pure consciousness, beyond the limitations of the ego. He teaches that we are not the body, mind, or emotions, but rather the witness of them. By shifting our identification from the limited ego to the limitless consciousness, we can transcend suffering and experience true peace and joy.

One of Maharaj's key teachings is the practice of self-inquiry, in which one asks oneself, "Who am I?" and investigates the source of the "I" thought. Through this inquiry, one can come to the realization that the "I" is not the individual ego, but rather the universal consciousness. This understanding helps to break the identification with the ego and its attachments, leading to freedom from suffering.

Maharaj also emphasizes the importance of detachment and non-attachment to desires and fears. He teaches that all suffering arises from our attachment to things and situations that are impermanent. By cultivating detachment, we can learn to accept and flow with the natural changes of life, rather than resisting them and causing ourselves unnecessary pain.

Another aspect of Maharaj's teachings on overcoming suffering is the practice of mindfulness. He encourages living in the present moment, rather than dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. By being fully present and aware, we can let go of the mental patterns and conditioning that cause suffering and find peace in the present moment.

In essence, Nisargadatta Maharaj teaches that suffering is a result of our identification with the ego and our attachment to desires and fears. By realizing our true nature as pure consciousness, practicing self-inquiry, cultivating detachment, and living mindfully, we can overcome suffering and experience the ultimate freedom and joy of our true nature.