According to Nyaya, perception is an important means of acquiring knowledge about reality. It is the process by which the mind receives information from the external world through the senses. However, the relationship between perception and reality is not straightforward and is often subject to errors and limitations.

Nyaya explains that perception is a reliable means of knowledge because it is based on direct contact with the external world. Our senses are able to perceive objects and their qualities, such as color, shape, and texture, and transmit this information to the mind. This direct perception is known as pratyaksha in Nyaya.

However, perception is not infallible. Nyaya recognizes that our senses can be deceived or limited in their ability to accurately perceive reality. For example, optical illusions can distort our perception of an object's shape or size. Therefore, Nyaya also acknowledges the possibility of erroneous perception, known as pramana-abhava.

To address the limitations of perception, Nyaya introduces the concept of inference, known as anumana. Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on available evidence or data. It is considered a valid means of knowledge in Nyaya, as long as it follows certain rules and is based on reliable evidence.

Inference is used to supplement and correct the information obtained through perception. For example, if a person sees smoke rising from a distant mountain, they may infer that there is a fire. This inference is based on the correlation between smoke and fire, as observed through previous experiences.

Nyaya also recognizes the role of memory in perception. Our past experiences and memories can influence our perception of reality. For example, a person who has had a negative experience with dogs may perceive all dogs as dangerous, even if they are friendly.

In addition to perception and inference, Nyaya also acknowledges the role of verbal testimony, known as shabda, as a valid means of knowledge. This includes information received from trustworthy sources, such as experts or reliable texts.

In conclusion, Nyaya explains the relationship between perception and reality as a complex and multi-faceted one. While perception is considered a reliable means of knowledge, it is subject to errors and limitations. Inference and verbal testimony are also important tools for acquiring knowledge about reality, and they complement and correct the information obtained through perception. By using these means of knowledge in a systematic and logical manner, Nyaya aims to arrive at a more accurate understanding of reality.