Lingayatism is a religious and social movement that originated in 12th century Karnataka, India. It is a form of Hinduism that focuses on devotion to Lord Shiva and places emphasis on individual spiritual growth and social reform.

The term Lingayat comes from the Sanskrit word "linga," which means symbol or representation of Shiva. Followers of Lingayatism are known as Lingayats or Veerashaivas. They believe in the concept of "Ishtalinga," which is the personal worship of Shiva through a chosen symbol or linga.

One of the key principles of Lingayatism is the belief in the equality of all human beings, regardless of caste or gender. This belief is rooted in the teachings of Basava, a 12th century philosopher and social reformer who is considered the founder of Lingayatism. Basava rejected the traditional caste system and advocated for social equality and the empowerment of women.

Lingayats also reject the traditional Hindu ritual of idol worship and instead focus on personal devotion to Shiva through chanting, meditation, and service to others. They believe that true devotion to Shiva can only be achieved through inner transformation and selfless service.

Another important aspect of Lingayatism is the concept of "karmabhoomi," which means the land of action. This refers to the belief that one's actions and deeds in the present life determine their future destiny, rather than being bound by the cycle of birth and death.

Lingayatism has a strong focus on social reform and has played a significant role in promoting education, women's rights, and social justice in India. The Lingayat community has also been actively involved in philanthropic activities and has contributed to the development of schools, hospitals, and other social institutions.

In recent years, there has been a movement within the Lingayat community to seek separate religious status for Lingayatism, separate from Hinduism. This is due to the distinct beliefs and practices of Lingayats and their desire to be recognized as a separate religion.

In conclusion, Lingayatism is a unique form of Hinduism that combines devotion to Shiva with a strong emphasis on social reform and equality. Its teachings and principles continue to have a significant impact on the lives of its followers and the society at large.