Lingayatism is a religious and social movement that emerged in South India during the 12th century. It is a form of Hinduism that focuses on devotion to Lord Shiva, and is rooted in the principles of social reform and equality. Lingayatism is also known as Veerashaivism, as its followers are referred to as Veerashaivas.

The core belief of Lingayatism is the concept of "Ishtalinga", which means "personal linga". This refers to the belief that every individual has a personal connection with Lord Shiva, and can communicate with him directly without the need for intermediaries such as priests or gurus. This belief emphasizes the importance of individual devotion and spiritual experience, rather than rituals and ceremonies.

Another core belief of Lingayatism is the rejection of the caste system. The founder of Lingayatism, Basava, strongly opposed the caste system and believed in the equality of all individuals. This belief is reflected in the practice of Lingayats, where caste distinctions are not recognized and all members are considered equal. This has attracted many followers from lower castes, who were marginalized in the traditional Hindu society.

Lingayatism also emphasizes the importance of social reform and equality. Basava and other Lingayat saints advocated for the empowerment of women and the eradication of social evils such as child marriage and dowry. They also promoted education for all, regardless of gender or caste. This emphasis on social reform and equality has made Lingayatism a progressive and inclusive religious movement.

In terms of religious practices, Lingayatism is characterized by its simplicity and focus on personal devotion. The daily worship of the personal linga, known as "linga pooja", is the central ritual of Lingayats. This is accompanied by chanting of mantras and devotional songs, known as "vachanas". Lingayats also believe in the importance of leading a moral and ethical life, and following the principles of truth, compassion, and non-violence.

Lingayatism also has a strong emphasis on community service and philanthropy. The followers of Lingayatism believe in the concept of "Kayaka", which means selfless service to the society. This is seen as a form of devotion to Lord Shiva, and Lingayats are known for their charitable works and contributions to the community.

In conclusion, the core beliefs of Lingayatism revolve around devotion to Lord Shiva, rejection of the caste system, social reform and equality, simple religious practices, and community service. This progressive and inclusive religious movement continues to attract followers, not only in South India but also in other parts of the world.