Lingayatism is a religious movement within Hinduism that is centered around devotion to Shiva and has strong social reform roots. It originated in the 12th century in Karnataka, India, and has since spread to other parts of India and even to other countries. Lingayats believe in the concept of one god, and that god is Shiva. They reject the traditional Hindu caste system and advocate for social equality and empowerment of all individuals.

In terms of specific rituals and practices, Lingayatism has a unique set of customs and traditions that are followed by its followers. One of the most important rituals is the initiation ceremony, also known as the "diksha" ceremony. This is when a person decides to become a Lingayat and is initiated into the community. During this ceremony, the guru (spiritual leader) gives the person a linga, a symbol of Shiva, and a mantra to chant. This marks the beginning of their spiritual journey as a Lingayat.

Another important practice in Lingayatism is the wearing of the "linga necklace." This is a small linga that is worn on a necklace around the neck. It serves as a constant reminder of one's devotion to Shiva and is believed to bring protection and blessings. The linga necklace is considered a sacred symbol and is worn by both men and women.

Lingayats also have a unique way of worshiping Shiva, known as "Ishtalinga puja." This involves the worship of a personal linga, which is kept in the home and is considered to be the embodiment of Shiva. The puja (worship) is performed daily, and offerings such as flowers, fruits, and incense are made to the linga. This practice emphasizes the personal relationship between the individual and Shiva, rather than relying on priests or temples for worship.

In addition to these rituals and practices, Lingayats also have a strong emphasis on social service and philanthropy. They believe in the concept of "kayaka," which means selfless service to others. This includes serving the community, helping the less fortunate, and promoting social equality. Many Lingayat organizations and institutions are involved in various charitable and educational activities for the betterment of society.

In conclusion, Lingayatism is a unique form of Hinduism that has its own set of rituals and practices. These rituals and practices are centered around devotion to Shiva and promote social reform and service to others. They serve as a way for Lingayats to connect with Shiva and live a life of spiritual and social fulfillment.