Lingayatism is a religious and social movement that emerged in the 12th century in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is based on the worship of Lord Shiva and has its roots in the teachings of the 12th-century philosopher and social reformer, Basava. The followers of Lingayatism are known as Lingayats or Veerashaivas.

The question of whether Lingayatism is considered a separate religion or a part of Hinduism is a complex one and has been a topic of debate for many years. Some scholars argue that Lingayatism is a distinct religion with its own beliefs, practices, and scriptures, while others believe that it is a sect within Hinduism.

One of the main reasons for this debate is the fact that Lingayatism shares many similarities with Hinduism, such as the worship of deities like Shiva and Vishnu, the use of Sanskrit and Kannada in their religious texts, and the belief in karma and reincarnation. However, there are also significant differences between the two.

The most significant difference between Lingayatism and Hinduism is the rejection of the caste system by Lingayats. Basava, the founder of Lingayatism, preached against the caste system and advocated for social equality and inclusivity. This is in stark contrast to Hinduism, which is deeply rooted in the caste system.

Another important aspect that sets Lingayatism apart from Hinduism is the concept of personal god or Ishtalinga. Lingayats believe that each individual has a personal relationship with God, and they do not need any intermediary, such as a priest, to connect with God. This concept of Ishtalinga is unique to Lingayatism and is not found in Hinduism.

Furthermore, Lingayatism has its own set of religious texts, known as the Vachanas, which are the teachings of Basava and other Lingayat saints. These texts are different from the Hindu scriptures, such as the Vedas and Upanishads.

Based on these differences, many scholars argue that Lingayatism should be considered a separate religion. However, there are also those who believe that Lingayatism is a sect within Hinduism. They argue that Lingayatism is a reform movement within Hinduism, similar to other sects like Vaishnavism and Shaivism.

In conclusion, the debate on whether Lingayatism is a separate religion or a part of Hinduism is ongoing and has no clear answer. While Lingayatism shares some similarities with Hinduism, it also has distinct beliefs and practices that set it apart. Ultimately, the classification of Lingayatism as a separate religion or a sect within Hinduism is a matter of interpretation and perspective.