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What is the significance of sacred dance (kagura) and music in rituals?

Within Shinto practice, kagura—sacred dance accompanied by music—functions as a refined medium through which humans approach the realm of the kami. The carefully ordered movements, rhythms, and melodies create a distinct sacred atmosphere that is understood to invite and summon the kami into the ritual space. In this context, dance and music are not mere embellishments but offerings of beauty and sincerity, performed to delight and entertain the kami and thus encourage their presence, favor, and blessing. The dancer’s body, together with the sound of drums, flutes, and bells, becomes a vessel through which the unseen can be sensed and symbolically embodied, allowing the invisible world to be felt as tangibly near.

Kagura also serves as a living enactment of myth and cosmology. Many performances ritually retell foundational narratives, especially the episode in which the goddess Amaterasu is lured out of her cave through dance and festivity, restoring light and order to the world. By re-creating such myths in the present, the ritual aligns the community with the primordial acts of the kami, renewing harmony between heaven, earth, and human society. In this way, kagura becomes a form of sacred storytelling that both communicates with the kami through symbolic gesture and educates participants by keeping mythic memory alive.

A further dimension of kagura lies in its purificatory and harmonizing power. The interplay of movement and sound is understood to cleanse spiritual impurity, preparing both space and participants for contact with the divine. This purification is not only the removal of defilement but also a subtle adjustment of mind, emotion, and environment, bringing them into resonance with the order of the kami. Through this harmonization, the ritual sustains a delicate balance between the human and spiritual realms, maintaining an ongoing relationship of respect, gratitude, and mutual presence.

Finally, kagura is deeply embedded in communal life. Performed at shrines and festivals, it draws together performers and observers in a shared act of devotion, strengthening collective identity under the protection of local kami. The traditions of dance, music, costume, and narrative are transmitted from generation to generation, preserving local myths and values while continually reanimating them in the present. In this communal setting, kagura stands as both a cultural treasure and a spiritual practice, embodying the Shinto ideal that sincere, beautiful action itself becomes a bridge to the sacred.