Yiguandao presents a distinctly hierarchical yet networked structure, in which spiritual authority and organizational form are closely intertwined. At the highest, invisible level stands the transcendent source, often articulated as a heavenly mandate or divine authority, expressed through the Venerable Mother and a lineage of patriarchs and matriarchs. Historically, figures such as Zhang Tianran and Sun Suzhen have been regarded as divinely appointed leaders, and their spiritual legacy continues to shape the movement’s sense of legitimacy. After their passing, no single universally accepted successor emerged, so the tradition came to be expressed through multiple branches, each tracing its own line of transmission while sharing core doctrines and practices.

Within each branch, authority tends to be centralized in a headquarters or main altar that oversees doctrine, administration, property, and coordination across regions. This central body usually authorizes key ritual specialists—often called masters, elders, or point leaders—who are empowered to transmit initiation and to establish or supervise temples and halls. Beneath this level, regional offices and branch altars link the center to local communities, creating a graded structure that still allows some autonomy in day‑to‑day affairs. Decision-making thus flows downward through the lineage system, yet remains anchored in shared teachings and ritual norms.

At the local level, the movement is organized around main halls and smaller meeting places that serve as focal points for worship, teaching, and communal life. These centers are typically managed by hall heads and committees, often composed of lay volunteers entrusted with both spiritual and administrative responsibilities. Lecturers play a crucial role in expounding scripture, ethics, and history, while various assistants and service personnel support ceremonies and organizational tasks. Ordinary members, having received initiation, participate in ethical cultivation, study, and voluntary service, forming the broad base of the community without a separate monastic class.

Underlying this visible structure is a strong emphasis on lineage and relational bonds. Teacher–disciple ties are often framed in familial terms, so that spiritual transmission resembles an extended kinship network rather than a purely bureaucratic chain of command. Different branches or lines within Yiguandao trace their origins to particular early leaders, and this lineage coloring can influence ritual style and pedagogical emphasis while leaving the fundamental doctrine intact. In this way, the movement combines centralized hierarchy with dense personal networks, allowing it to maintain unity of faith amid a plurality of organizational expressions.