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What are the main Tiantai ritual and devotional practices?

Daily ceremonies in the Tiantai tradition orbit around the Lotus Sūtra, weaving together scripture, chanting, meditation and ritual into a seamless tapestry. Before dawn, monks and lay followers gather for the “Lotus Lecture,” where select chapters—often the “Innumerable Meanings” or “Expedient Means” passages—are recited in Chinese or Sanskrit. Incense drifts through temple halls, offerings of fruit and flowers line the altar, and bells toll in steady rhythm. This mirrors a breath of fresh air for today’s digital-weary souls, with many temples now streaming their morning service on platforms like WeChat or YouTube.

At the heart of Tiantai devotional life are the Three Great Secret Essentials: contemplation of the mind’s innate purity, investigation of phenomena’s transient nature, and holding the Middle Way to harmonize the two. These principles shape the samādhi practices—sitting quietly, observing thoughts without judgment, then rising for mindful walking in temple courtyards. During festivals such as the Lantern Festival or the Lotus Repentance Rite in spring, devotees don simple robes and perform circumambulation around the main hall, chanting the name of Śākyamuni or bodhisattvas like Cundī and Mahāvairocana. A modern twist: smartphone apps now guide newcomers through these chants, complete with tone indicators and progress badges.

Monastic life follows the Jīnguāng Qīngguī (the Light of the Pure Rules), the earliest Chinese monastic code compiled by Tiantai masters. It prescribes daily repentance ceremonies, precept transmissions, meal rituals (where each grain is acknowledged), and the elegant Dharma assembly, complete with wooden fish drum and cloud-shaped gong. During annual “Precept Repentance” retreats, participants commit to ethical precepts for laypersons—abstaining from killing, stealing, false speech—and at the drop of a hat find fresh resolve in this age-old structure.

In recent years, international Tiantai conferences—held in Taipei and on Tiāntái Mountain itself—have rekindled interest among younger generations. Workshops on Lotus Sūtra calligraphy, guided silent retreats, and even eco-friendly temple renovations show how these time-honored practices adapt to modern concerns, proving that ancient rituals can still hit the ground running in our 21st-century quest for serenity.