Tracing its roots back to Bodhidharma’s arrival in China during the 5th–6th centuries, Chan Buddhism blossomed into a handful of distinct “houses,” each with its own flavor and teaching style.

Linji (Rinzai in Japan)
Known for the trademark “shock tactics” of shouting (katsu) and striking, Linji devotees work hard to jolt the mind out of its habitual patterns. Koan practice—those enigmatic riddles like “What’s the sound of one hand clapping?”—remains front and center. It’s high-energy, sometimes fierce, but by and large drives straight to the heart of awakening.

Caodong (Sōtō in Japan)
Silent illumination is the name of the game here. No frills, no fancy rhetoric—just sitting with awareness and letting insight dawn on its own. In an era when guided meditation apps and “mindfulness breaks” trend on social media, Caodong’s calm emphasis on just sitting feels surprisingly fresh, like rediscovering an old favorite record.

Yunmen
Concise and punchy, Yunmen teachers employ one-liners—think Zen haiku delivered in everyday language. Perfect for those who appreciate a healthy dose of brevity rather than long-winded exposition.

Fayan
Elegant phrasing and analogies define this lineage. Discourses often unfold like beautifully crafted poems, inviting practitioners to taste the teaching on multiple levels.

Guiyang
A bit more arcane, Guiyang blends symbolic imagery with personal commentary. It’s ideal for anyone who enjoys a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma—but with a helpful guide.

Across these five main schools, Chan’s core—direct insight through meditation—remains unchanged. Even today, as mindfulness challenges and retreats pop up around the globe, the Chan tradition keeps whispering: “Sit down, let go, and see for yourself.”