Mirabai’s spiritual vision revolved around an intense, exclusive devotion to Krishna, whom she revered as her supreme Lord, divine beloved, and spiritual husband. For her, Krishna was both the ultimate reality and an intimately present personal deity, addressed with names such as Girdhar Gopal and approached as friend, lover, and master. This relationship was not symbolic alone; it was lived as the central, defining bond of her existence, before which all worldly ties—royal status, family roles, and social obligations—became secondary or even obstructive. In this sense, her life and songs express a theology in which the soul’s highest destiny is total surrender to Krishna’s name, form, and grace. At the heart of her path lay the conviction that pure bhakti, or loving devotion, surpasses ritual formalism, intellectual scholarship, and ascetic discipline. She consistently privileged inner experience—singing, dancing, remembrance, and heartfelt prayer—over external ceremony or priestly mediation, affirming that God is reached through love rather than through complex religious performance. This emphasis on direct divine experience included the belief that immediate communion with Krishna is possible, not as an abstract ideal but as a living reality. Her devotion thus exemplifies a deeply emotional, mystical strand of Vaishnava spirituality, where feeling and surrender take precedence over doctrinal subtlety. Mirabai’s beliefs also carried a quiet but radical social dimension. She held that all souls are equal before Krishna and that spiritual worth depends on devotion, not on birth, caste, gender, or social rank. In practice, this meant freely associating with saints, mendicants, and devotees of varied backgrounds, thereby challenging rigid hierarchies and conventional expectations, especially those imposed on women and members of the nobility. Her rejection of caste distinctions and worldly honor was inseparable from her conviction that any sincere lover of God can attain liberation through devotion. A further hallmark of her outlook was a deliberate detachment from worldly power, wealth, and reputation. Royal comforts and social prestige were seen as transient and spiritually perilous, distractions from the single-minded love she sought to cultivate. Personal suffering, persecution, and slander were accepted as tests sent by Krishna, occasions to deepen surrender and refine love. In this way, hardship became part of the sacred drama between lover and Beloved, a crucible in which ego and attachment could be burned away. Through such renunciation and self-offering, her life and poetry present a consistent vision: liberation is found not by fleeing the world mechanically, but by