Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism, is known for his profound teachings that continue to inspire and guide followers of Jainism to this day. His teachings revolve around the core principles of non-violence, non-attachment, and compassion towards all living beings. Let's explore some of the main teachings of Mahavira that have shaped the philosophy of Jainism.

1. Ahimsa (Non-Violence) The most significant teaching of Mahavira is the principle of ahimsa or non-violence. He believed that all living beings, regardless of their form, have a right to live and should be treated with respect and compassion. This principle extends not just to humans but also to animals, plants, and even microorganisms. Mahavira taught that ahimsa is not just about refraining from physical violence but also includes avoiding any harm caused by our thoughts, words, and actions.

2. Aparigraha (Non-Attachment) Another central teaching of Mahavira is aparigraha, which means non-attachment or non-possessiveness. He believed that attachment to material possessions, relationships, and even our own bodies leads to suffering and prevents us from achieving true happiness. Mahavira taught that by practicing aparigraha, one can free themselves from the cycle of desire and attachment, and ultimately attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

3. Anekantavada (Many-Sidedness) Mahavira's teachings also include the concept of anekantavada, which means many-sidedness or non-absolutism. He believed that the truth is multifaceted and cannot be fully understood from a single perspective. This principle teaches us to be open-minded and consider multiple viewpoints before forming opinions or making decisions. It also encourages us to respect and accept the diversity of thoughts and beliefs among individuals.

4. Karma and Reincarnation Mahavira's teachings also revolve around the concepts of karma and reincarnation. He believed that our actions, thoughts, and intentions have consequences, and we are responsible for our own destiny. He also taught that the soul is immortal and goes through a cycle of birth and death until it attains liberation through spiritual enlightenment.

5. Compassion and Service Mahavira emphasized the importance of compassion and service towards all living beings. He believed that by serving others and alleviating their suffering, we can purify our souls and progress on the path of spiritual growth. He also taught that true compassion goes beyond just helping others and includes refraining from causing harm to any living being.

In conclusion, Mahavira's teachings of non-violence, non-attachment, many-sidedness, and compassion continue to guide followers of Jainism towards a path of spiritual enlightenment and liberation. His teachings promote a way of life that is based on love, kindness, and respect for all beings, and serve as a reminder to live in