Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He is believed to have lived in the 6th century BCE and is considered to be the founder of the modern Jainism. Mahavira's teachings revolve around the concept of ahimsa (non-violence) and the path to liberation through self-control and detachment.

One of the core principles of Jainism is the observance of the Five Great Vows, also known as Mahavratas. These vows are considered essential for the spiritual growth and ultimate liberation of a Jain follower. Let us delve deeper into these Five Great Vows taught by Mahavira.

1. Ahimsa (Non-violence) The first and foremost vow is ahimsa, which means non-violence in thoughts, words, and actions. Mahavira emphasized the importance of not causing harm to any living being, including humans, animals, and plants. He believed that all beings have a right to live and that violence only leads to negative karma, hindering one's spiritual progress. Therefore, Jains practice strict vegetarianism and avoid any form of violence or exploitation towards any living being.

2. Satya (Truthfulness) The second vow is satya, which means truthfulness. Mahavira taught his followers to always speak the truth, even if it may be difficult or uncomfortable. He believed that speaking the truth leads to a pure and honest mind, which is essential for spiritual growth. Jains also practice non-lying, which means refraining from any form of deception or falsehood.

3. Asteya (Non-stealing) The third vow is asteya, which means non-stealing. Mahavira taught his followers to refrain from taking anything that does not belong to them. This includes not only physical possessions but also thoughts and ideas. Jains believe that stealing leads to negative karma and hinders one's spiritual progress.

4. Brahmacharya (Chastity) The fourth vow is brahmacharya, which means chastity or celibacy. Mahavira believed that indulging in sexual desires leads to attachment and hinders one's spiritual progress. Therefore, Jains practice celibacy or monogamy to maintain purity of mind and body.

5. Aparigraha (Non-attachment) The fifth and final vow is aparigraha, which means non-attachment or non-possessiveness. Mahavira taught his followers to let go of material possessions and desires, as they only lead to attachment and hinder one's spiritual progress. Jains practice simplicity and contentment, avoiding any form of greed or attachment towards material possessions.

In conclusion, the Five Great Vows taught by Mahavira are essential principles for a Jain follower to attain liberation and lead a spiritually pure life. These vows promote non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, chastity, and non-attachment,