Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. He is considered to be the founder of the Jain religion and his teachings form the basis of Jain philosophy. One of the most important aspects of Mahavira's teachings are the 14 Purvas, also known as the 14 precepts or codes of conduct.

The word 'Purva' means ancient or ancient knowledge, and these precepts were originally taught by Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism. Mahavira later revived and reorganized these teachings and made them an integral part of Jainism.

The 14 Purvas are a set of ethical and moral guidelines that lay out the path to spiritual liberation and living a righteous life. They are believed to be essential for the purification of the soul and achieving moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

The first Purva, Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the cornerstone of Jainism and is also considered to be the most important precept. It emphasizes the importance of not causing harm to any living being, whether it be humans, animals, or plants. This principle is deeply ingrained in Jainism, and followers strive to practice it in their daily lives.

The other Purvas also focus on ethical conduct and moral values, such as truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-attachment. These precepts guide Jains to lead a simple and disciplined life, free from material desires and attachments.

Apart from personal conduct, the Purvas also lay out guidelines for social and community living. For example, the precept of non-possession encourages Jains to live a life of minimalism and not accumulate wealth or material possessions. This fosters a sense of equality and prevents social hierarchies based on wealth.

The Purvas also emphasize the importance of self-discipline and self-control. The precept of fasting, for example, teaches Jains to practice self-restraint and detachment from physical pleasures. This helps in purifying the mind and body, leading to spiritual growth.

The 14 Purvas also have a practical aspect, as they provide a framework for resolving conflicts and maintaining harmony within the community. They promote forgiveness, non-violent communication, and peaceful resolution of disputes.

In conclusion, the 14 Purvas hold great significance in Jainism as they provide a comprehensive guide for leading a righteous and ethical life. They promote values of non-violence, truth, self-discipline, and detachment, which are essential for spiritual growth and attaining moksha. By following these precepts, Jains strive to live a life of compassion, harmony, and inner peace.