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What is the concept of Moksha (liberation) in Jainism and how did Mahavira attain it?
In Jainism, Moksha or liberation is the ultimate goal of human life. It is the state of complete freedom from all forms of suffering and bondage, and the attainment of eternal bliss and enlightenment. This concept of Moksha is central to Jain philosophy and is believed to be the highest state of consciousness that a soul can achieve.
According to Jainism, the path to Moksha involves the purification of the soul through the practice of non-violence, truthfulness, non-possessiveness, and other ethical principles. Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism, is believed to have attained Moksha through his intense spiritual practices and teachings.
Mahavira's journey towards Moksha began when he renounced his luxurious life as a prince and became an ascetic. He spent 12 years practicing intense meditation, fasting, and self-discipline, in order to purify his soul and overcome the effects of past karmas (actions). He also followed the path of ahimsa (non-violence) and taught others to do the same.
Through his teachings, Mahavira emphasized the importance of shedding all attachments and desires, and living a simple and virtuous life. He believed that by following the path of ahimsa, one can overcome the cycle of birth and death and attain Moksha.
Mahavira's teachings also emphasized the concept of anekantavada, which means non-absolutism or the acceptance of multiple perspectives. This concept teaches that there is no single absolute truth, and that the ultimate reality is complex and multifaceted. By understanding and accepting this, one can overcome the ego and achieve a state of enlightenment.
Finally, after years of intense spiritual practices and teachings, Mahavira is believed to have attained Moksha at the age of 72. He is said to have achieved complete detachment from the material world and attained a state of pure consciousness, free from all desires and attachments.
In conclusion, the concept of Moksha in Jainism is the ultimate goal of achieving liberation from the cycle of birth and death, and attaining eternal bliss and enlightenment. Mahavira's teachings and spiritual practices serve as an inspiration for Jains to follow the path of ahimsa, non-attachment, and non-absolutism in order to attain Moksha. His life and teachings continue to guide and inspire people towards the ultimate goal of liberation.