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How do Puranas describe the process of cosmology and creation of the universe?

Dreaming in timeless waters, Puranas paint creation as a grand, cyclical symphony rather than a one-off event. At first, unmanifest Pradhāna or Brahman lies in deep slumber, enveloped by primal oceans. From this void emerges the golden embryo, Hiranyagarbha, floating like a seed in a cosmic womb. As its shell cracks, the universe unfolds—light and darkness, earth and sky, wind and fire come alive.

Brahmā, born from Vishnu’s navel lotus, takes center stage as the architect. His forty-year day (a kalpa) lasts 4.32 billion human years—an uncanny mirror to modern geology’s Earth-age estimates. When night falls on Brahmā, called Pralaya, creation dissolves into nothingness, only to resume at dawn. Up above and below stretch fourteen lokas (worlds), from the heavenly Satya-loka to the nether Tapoloka, each vibrating with its own rhythm.

Time itself loops through four Yugas—Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali—like shifting seasons in an endless festival. Every cycle brings fresh heroes, new dilemmas of dharma, and the chance for cosmic balance to be restored. It’s a celestial reminder that change is the only constant—much as the James Webb Telescope keeps unveiling fresh layers of our universe today.

Deities play their parts in this grand ballet: Vishnu preserves between cycles, Shiva dances the tandava to dissolve old forms, and Brahmā sketches new ones. Through these overlapping acts, the Puranas blend myth with an almost scientific precision—mapping epochs, worlds, and energies in a way that resonates even with modern cosmologists tracking gravitational waves or plotting Artemis missions to the Moon.

These ancient tales invite a sense of wonder, encouraging every listener to see creation as both familiar and forever mysterious. The cosmic clock keeps tick-tocking, reminding that life, like the Puranic universe, is in perpetual, dazzling motion.