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What does the Lankavatara Sutra teach about Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha)?

Buddha-nature in the Lankavatara Sutra shows up as the hidden treasure within every sentient being—an ever-present, luminous ground untouched by the dust of fleeting thoughts. Yogācāra’s exploration of consciousness unravels this: beneath the chatter of the six consciousnesses and the storehouse (ālaya-vijñāna) lies an immaculate, mirror-like mind (ālayavijñāna’s pure aspect). It’s akin to discovering a nugget of pure gold buried under layers of soil and debris; once the soil is turned over—through insight or meditation—that gold gleams effortlessly.

This text doesn’t spin its wheels with doctrinal hair-splitting. Instead, it uses vivid metaphors: consciousness as a movie projector and Buddha-nature as the untarnished screen. No matter how frantic the film of emotions and perceptions might be, the screen remains untouched. Modern neuroscience, with its studies on neuroplasticity and mindfulness-based therapies, is almost echoing this ancient wisdom. Researchers at places like Johns Hopkins and Oxford have begun charting how consistent meditation uncovers quieter, more stable mental states—perhaps a scientific nod to that “mirror wisdom” the Sutra describes.

Around the globe, from Silicon Valley startup retreats to urban mindfulness workshops, folks are tapping into this idea: beneath all the noise, there’s an innate clarity ready for the spotlight. The Lankavatara Sutra insists that realization isn’t outsourcing divinity to some distant realm but recognizing one’s own mind as already complete—like snapping your fingers to light up a room that’s always been wired for electricity.

This teaching, buoyed by Yogācāra’s mind-only approach, invites a radical self-trust: everything needed for awakening resides within. Peeling away habitual patterns, the unconditioned Buddha-nature shines through—constant, undivided, and utterly free.