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Which deities are most frequently invoked in the Rigvedic hymns?

Indra stands head and shoulders above the rest, claiming about 250 hymns—no surprise, considering his role as the storm-wielder who cleaves mountains and brings rain for crops. Right on his heels is Agni, the ever-glowing fire god, guardian of every sacrificial ritual; roughly 200 hymns flicker with his name. Agni’s warmth still crackles in modern Vedic ceremonies, from traditional weddings to community yajñas, making that ancient spark feel surprisingly close.

Soma, the enigmatic deity of the sacred elixir, follows suit with around 114 hymns celebrating his intoxicating, mind-expanding brew. Some scholars liken Soma’s role to today’s fascination with botanical psychedelics—seeking altered states for insight or healing. Then there’s Uṣas, the dawn goddess, who ushers in fresh light in nearly 45 hymns; her daily arrival resonates in every sunrise yoga session or morning meditation.

Varuṇa and Mitra often appear as a dynamic duo, upholding cosmic order and social harmony—together they feature in about 60 hymns. Their partnership feels like the ancient equivalent of “law and order,” still echoing in cultural conversations about justice and friendship. Vāyu, the god of wind, breezes through some 35 hymns, reminding everyone of nature’s invisible yet vital presence—much like modern discussions around climate change and air quality.

Aśvins, the twin horse-doctors, show up in roughly 40 hymns, championing healing and rescue. Their stories have a timeless ring, speaking to today’s global quest for medical breakthroughs. Finally, the Maruts, a spirited troop of storm gods, crackle through around 40 hymns as well—bringing thunderclaps that mirror both ancient battlefield fury and modern meteorological awe.

What emerges is a tapestry woven from natural forces, societal needs, and spiritual quests—an enduring hymnbook that still hums in contemporary rituals, environmental debates, and the arts.