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What is the story of Daksha’s yagna and its aftermath in the Shiva Purana?

The narrative centers on Daksha Prajapati, a powerful progenitor and son of Brahma, whose daughter Sati had chosen Shiva as her husband. Daksha could not reconcile Shiva’s ash-smeared, ascetic, socially unconventional form with his own pride in ritual status and propriety, and thus nursed a deep resentment toward him. In time, Daksha resolved to perform a grand yagna, inviting gods, sages, and celestial beings, yet deliberately excluding Shiva and Sati as a calculated slight. When Sati heard of this sacrifice, she felt the pull of her parental home and the sting of the insult to her Lord. Despite Shiva’s warning that Daksha harbored hostility and that disrespect was inevitable, she chose to go, asserting her right as a daughter to visit her father’s house.

At the sacrificial arena, Daksha refused to accord Sati the honor due either to a daughter or to Shiva’s consort, and he openly reviled Shiva before the gathered assembly. Sati attempted to uphold Shiva’s greatness, but seeing her father fixed in hatred and the gods largely silent, she resolved that a body born from such a father was no longer fit to house her devotion. Concentrating on Shiva and invoking her inner yogic fire, she immolated herself in the very place of sacrifice. This act shattered the outer order of the ritual and exposed the inner disorder of pride and disrespect that had fueled it.

When news of Sati’s death reached Shiva, grief and righteous fury arose together. From a lock of his matted hair he brought forth the fierce Virabhadra, and in some tellings Bhadrakali as well, along with hosts of ganas, embodiments of his wrathful energy. Commanded by Shiva, they descended upon Daksha’s yagna, tearing down the altar, scattering the offerings, and routing the assembled gods and sages. In the climax of this devastation, Daksha was seized and beheaded, and the sacrifice lay in ruins, its outer form destroyed because its inner spirit had been corrupted.

Only then did the gods, led by the awareness of their own complicity in remaining silent, approach Shiva and supplicate him for mercy and restoration of cosmic balance. Shiva, whose terrible wrath had manifested as Virabhadra, revealed again his underlying nature of compassion. He restored Daksha to life by having a goat’s head affixed to his body, and revived others who had fallen in the onslaught. Humbled and transformed, Daksha praised Shiva, relinquishing his former arrogance, and the sacrifice was completed properly with offerings directed to Shiva. The tale thus becomes a meditation on how pride and empty ritual crumble before true devotion, and how Shiva’s fierce aspect ultimately serves to restore humility, harmony, and right recognition of the divine.