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How did the philosopher Shankaracharya interpret and comment on the Upanishads?
Shankaracharya approached the Upanishads like a master detective, peeling back layers of symbolism to reveal a crystalline core: non-dual awareness (Advaita). His bhāṣyas (commentaries) didn’t just gloss over cryptic verses; they wove them into a coherent tapestry where Brahman—the ultimate reality—and Ātman—the individual Self—stand utterly united. When contemporary spiritual seekers scroll through non-duality reels on Instagram or attend mindfulness retreats, echoes of his insights still reverberate.
A few highlights of his method:
• Rigorous logical toolkit
Borrowing from Mīmāṃsā and Nyāya, every assertion had to pass the test of reason. Nothing was taken on face value—even the most revered mantras. By deploying pramāṇas (means of knowledge) like perception, inference and scriptural testimony, apparent contradictions in the Upanishads were harmonized rather than ignored.
• Maya unraveled
In a world flooded with sensory overload—think TikTok feeds or 24/7 news cycles—Māyā (illusion) still casts its shadow. Shankara illustrated how the phenomenal world, though experiential, lacks independent reality. Like a mirage, it disappears when true consciousness dawns.
• Mahāvākyas at play
Phrases such as “Tat Tvam Asi” (“That Thou Art”) or “Aham Brahmāsmi” (“I am Brahman”) were treated as flashbulbs illuminating the same singular truth. Each teaching was interconnected, creating a network of pointers directing aspirants toward self-realization.
• Spiritual praxis merged with intellect
Scholarly debate and meditation weren’t mutually exclusive. Devotional hymns (Stotras) celebrated the divine, while rigorous sādhanā (practice) urged a direct knowing beyond words.
Today’s global fascination with “no-self” mindfulness and quantum physics–inspired metaphors owes a nod to Shankaracharya’s bold assertion that beneath all diversity lies unshakable unity. His legacy remains a lighthouse for anyone seeking a philosophical GPS through life’s maze, reminding modern minds that the most profound voyage is the one inward.