Ajivika is a deterministic philosophy that originated in ancient India and emphasizes the concept of fate. The word "Ajivika" is derived from the Sanskrit word "ajiva," which means "without life" or "lifeless." This philosophy was founded by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of Mahavira and Buddha, and was popular during the 5th century BCE.

The key beliefs of Ajivika revolve around the concept of determinism, which states that all events and actions are predetermined by fate and cannot be changed by human effort. This belief is based on the principle of "niyati," which means "destiny" or "inevitability." According to Ajivika, everything in the universe, including human life, is governed by niyati and follows a predetermined course.

Another key belief of Ajivika is the concept of "niyama," which means "natural order" or "law of nature." This principle states that everything in the universe, including human behavior, is governed by a set of natural laws that are beyond human control. These laws are believed to be immutable and unchangeable, and they determine the fate of all living beings.

Ajivika also believes in the concept of "anekantavada," which means "many-sidedness" or "non-absolutism." This principle states that reality is complex and cannot be fully understood by any single perspective or belief. Therefore, Ajivikas believe in accepting and respecting different viewpoints and not being attached to any particular belief or ideology.

In addition to these key beliefs, Ajivika also has a strong belief in the concept of "samsara," which means the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. According to Ajivika, all living beings are trapped in this cycle, and their fate is determined by their actions in previous lives. This belief is similar to the concept of karma in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Another important belief of Ajivika is the idea of "ahimsa," which means non-violence. This principle states that all living beings should be treated with compassion and respect, and violence towards any living being is considered a violation of niyama.

In conclusion, the key beliefs of Ajivika revolve around the concepts of determinism, natural laws, non-absolutism, samsara, and ahimsa. These beliefs shape the way Ajivikas view the world and their place in it, emphasizing the importance of accepting fate and living in harmony with the natural order of the universe.