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How did Mirabai express her devotion?

Mirabai’s devotion to Krishna found its most powerful expression in her poetry and song. She composed numerous bhajans in the vernacular, especially Rajasthani and Braj, pouring into them an intense, personal love for Krishna. In these compositions she often addressed Krishna as her beloved or true husband, using the language of longing, separation, and intimate union. This poetic voice reflects a form of madhurya-bhakti, in which the relationship with the Divine is imagined in romantic and conjugal terms. Her verses consistently reveal a spirit of surrender and dependence on Krishna, while at the same time rejecting worldly honor and family expectations that conflicted with her spiritual calling.

Her devotion was not confined to words alone but was embodied in public acts of worship. Mirabai sang and danced in temples and sometimes in the streets, expressing spiritual ecstasy through music and movement. She spent long hours in Krishna temples, worshipping before the deity, absorbed in prayer, meditation, and remembrance. Such temple-centered devotion aligned her with the broader Bhakti emphasis on direct, personal communion with the Divine, beyond rigid ritualism and social barriers. Through these practices, her inner love for Krishna took on a visible, communal form that could inspire others.

A striking dimension of her devotion lay in her deliberate rejection of social conventions and royal expectations. Born into a princely environment and later a queen, she disregarded courtly etiquette whenever it clashed with her dedication to Krishna. She refused to conform to the traditional role of a royal wife or widow, instead orienting her life around worship and spiritual pursuit. Accounts of her life describe her leaving palace life behind, living as a wandering devotee, and enduring criticism and opposition from her in-laws and society. This renunciation underscores the single-mindedness of her bhakti, in which worldly status and obligations were subordinated to divine love.

Mirabai’s life of pilgrimage further deepened this expression of devotion. She is associated with journeys to sacred places linked to Krishna, such as Vrindavan and Dwarka, where she continued her singing, worship, and contemplative practices. These travels symbolized an outward journey that mirrored her inner quest for ever-closer union with Krishna. In this way, her poetry, public worship, renunciation of social norms, and pilgrimages together formed a coherent spiritual path: a life wholly oriented toward Krishna, lived in defiance of worldly constraints and animated by an unbroken current of love.